Method of and apparatus for making foundations.



M. BLUMENTHAL. METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING FOUNDATIONS.

Patented Sept. 24, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 1. 1917.

anve'wtoz Maurice Blumezzllml, I

M. BLUMENTHAL.

METHOD OF AN-D APPARATUS 03 MAKWG FOUNDA'HONS.

APPUCATION HLED JUNE 1. NH.

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Patentedfiept 24, 1918.

W his @fiogggs M. BLUMENTHAL. V METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING FOUNDATIONS APPLICATION FILED JUNE l. 19!]- Patented Sept. 24,1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

MW f V UNE ' MAURICE BLUIYJZENTHAL, OF BBOUKLYN, NEW YORK.

METHOD OFAND APFARAIUS FOR MAKING FdUNDATIONS.

Specification of Letters Patent. Pate iked Sept, 24, 1918.

Application filed June 1, 1917. Serial No. 172,175.

1 '0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I Maniacs BLUMEN- Train, a citizen of the United States, and residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York. have invented a certain new and useful Method of and Apparatus for Making Foundations, of which the followingis a specification, such as will enable those skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to the making of foundations for structures of various kinds and classes in loose earth. made earth, shell earth, sand earth whether stationary or shifting, or any earth of any kindor class, where stationary foundations that will not yield to the weight of any superstructure which it is desired to place thereon are required, and the invention also relates to the reinforcement of the earth for any purpose, as in the building of lnillcheads, piers, re-

taining walls or similar structures; and the invention consists of an nnproved method following specification, of which the 1ICCOXH- panying drawings form a part, in which the separate parts of my improvement are designated by suitable reference characters in each of the views, and in which Figure- 1 is a side view of a. hollow tubular pile form which I employ with a. part broken away;

Fig. 1* across section thereof 1-1 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 2 a view similar to Fig. 1 but show ing a modification;

Fig. 2 a cross section of Fig. 2 on the line 2- I Figs. 3 and 4 views similar to Figs. 1 and 2 but showing modifications; I

Figs. 3 and l transverse sections on the lines -33 and' ,4 of Figs. v3 and i;-

on the line Fig. 5 a view showing the method and ap. paratns of making concrete piles accordmg to my invention;

Fig. (3 a view showinga forced pile;

Fig. 6 a section on the line 6--6 of Fig. 6;

complete rein- Fig. 7 a view similar to Fig. 6 but showinga modification; Fig. 8 a view similar to Figs. 6 and 7 but showing another modification;

Fig. 9 a. View of another torm of concrete pile but showing another method of reinforcing the pile and anchoring the same in the surrounding earth;

Fig. 10 a view showing the means for making the pile shown inFig. 9;

v Fig. 11 a side" view, partly in section, of a pile form employed in making piles as shown in Figs. 9 and 10;

Fig. 12 a view similar to Fig. 9 but showing a modification; I

Fig. 13 a section on the line 13-13 of Fig. 9; I

Fig. 14: a section on the line 14l4 of Fig. 12; and,

Fig. 15 a bottom plan view of the pointer employed in Fig. 11.

llcretoforc it has been customary in n'1ak+' ing concrete piling to employ a meta shell, insert a core piece thereinto, and the". drive the core piece with the shell thereon into the earth after which the core piece was withdrawn, the shell remaining in the earth,

and being filled with concrete. the shell forming a part of the pile, but this process involved the loss of a shell in the formation and sinking of each pile.

Another process consisted in driving a pile form into the earth and then, withdrawing said form and filling the hole thus made with concrete, but this process was objec-' tionablc by reason o'tthc fact that the hole made by withdrawing the .form would be iillcd up or partially so by earth falling into the hole before the concrete was placed therein.

Another process consisted in driving a pile form consisting of a. tubular shell into the earth. said form being open-at the lower end and after the shell was fully driven the material inside thereof would be removed by an air blast, or water blast, after which the concrete would be poured into the shell, but this process was objectionable for the reason that the formation Qfeach pile involved the loss of the pile form. v

The advantages of my improved process, and means for carrying said process into effect will be clearly apparent from the following description taken in connect-ion with the accompanying drawings.

In Figs 1 and 1 of the accompanying divided longitudinallyinto separate similar parts a and a and the abutting edges of which are tapered from one end to the other, 10

withdrawing of said-parts from the earth after the form or former has been driven and filled with concrete, and the wider end of the parta is directed upwardly to facilitate this operation, in which operation the part a is first withdrawn after which the part a? may be Withdrawn.

The edges of the separate parts of the pile form or former a are interlocked as shown at a to facilitate the operation of driving the form or former into the earth, and this interlocking of said parts or the connection thereof may be formed in any desired manner.

In Fig. 5 of the accompanying drawing, I

i have shown, at the right, the form or former a and indicated the same as partially driven into the earth, and in this operation said form or former is provided at the bottom thereof with a conical nose or pointer b, and placed on the top thereof is ahead member 11 and. the operation of driving the form or former-.,into the earth will be the same as with other devices of this class, or the same or any other suitable material, but in my improvement the .nose piece or pointer 7) and the head member 12 both serve to bind the separate parts of the pile form or former together, by means of grooves formed in each, which receive the ends of said parts. In this connection it will be observed that the groove in the nose piece or pointer b so formed that said nose piece or pointer overlaps the ends of the parts of the form or former which also facilitates the driving of the latter into the earth.

After the form or former has been fully driven into the earth. the concrete is poured thereinto as indicated at c in Fig. 5. after which the form or former is withdrawn, the

art a being first withdrawn as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 5. after which the part a is withdrawn and the complete pile is formed as shown at the left of F i'g. 5, and in this operation the nose piece or pointer Z) remains in the ground. 1

The above operation of withdrawing the form or former, or the separate parts thereof, after the concrete-has been poured thereinto,may be performed at any time, but I while it is still in a more or less plastic con-v and the separate parts are provided in the top thereof with holes a to facilitate the dition, and it will be understood that when the form or former has been withdrawn and the concrete poured thereinto has settled, or become fullyset, other concrete may be pouredinon the top thereof to fill up the hole caused by the withdrawal of the form or former and the full setting or settling of the concrete; and the same result may be accomplished by so driving the form or former as to leave a part thereof extending above the ground, which part will be filled in with concrete before the form or former is withdrawn, and this will produce the result shown at the left of Fig. 5, in which the pile 0 extends above the surface of the earth, after the form or former is withdrawn.

In Figs. 52, 3 and l and 2, 3 and 4 I have shown different types of the form. or former, that shown in Figs. 2 and 2*, comprising a tube divided into four parts, of which the separate pairs are tapered in pposite directions; while in Figs. 3 and 3 theform or former a is tapered from one end to the otherand is composed of two similar parts, said parts being connected by detachable bands (1. which are left in the ground in the operation of withdrawing the separate parts of the form or former. In Figs. 4 and at the form or former (I? is also tapered from one end to the other and is composed of four parts, of which the opposite pairs are tapered in opposite directions, and inall these forms of construction the form or, former, or the separate parts thereof are provided at the top with holes a to facilitate their withdrawal from the earth, as hereinbefore de-v scribed.

In Figsfi and G and Figs. 7 and 8, I have shown methods of reinforcing a pile formed, ashereinbefore described; and in Figs. 6 and 6 this method consists in suspending wire cords, cables or similar devices (l in the form or former, before the concrete is poured thereinto and which remain in-the concrete when the form or former is .withdrawn. This style. of reinforcement is particularly designed for use in shifting earth or earth composed of shifting sands having a lateral movement and is designed to give the pile,

,ploy chains (1* which are suspended in the form or fm'merbefore the concrete 1s poured thereinto. and which remain in the pile after the form or former is withdrawn, and these chains serve for the same purpose as the wire cables, cords or similar devices employed in the construction shown in Figs. 6 and 6, but said chains serve to give the pile. in which they are used, a greater dcgree of flexibility than said wires, cords or cables.

In the construction shown in Fig. 8 I place in the pile form or former at any time, but

preferably after it has been driven, an inner sleeve or lining e which fits the inner wall thereof, and which is composed of perforated sheet metal, wire mesh, or any other suitable openwork material,- and after the form or former has been driven theconcrete is poured thereinto and fills said sleeve or lining, after ing earth and reinforces and strengthens- 'said surrounding earth, and in this way also reinforces and strengthens the pile itself.

In Figs. 9, 10 and 11 of the accompanying drawing, I have shown one method of using the tapered form or former shown in Fig. 3, it being understood that the use of the bands a, Fig. 3, is not absolutely essential and, in

- this method of procedure the pile form or former is first driven, as shown in Fig. 11, after which a tube 7 is passed downwardly thereinto and said ,tube is provided with branch tubes f which fit in the form or former and the tube f is preferably open at its lower end, and the nose piece I; employed in this case, is also provided with a vertical aperture b having branch outlets If, and in which the lower end of the tube f fits, and after the pile form or former has been driven and the concrete poured thereinto, the form or former is withdrawn and other concrete or grout is forced down through the tube f by compressed air or otherwise, and passes out through the branch tubes f any desired number of which may be employed, and down through the nose piece or pointer b, as indicated at g, and this concrete or grout mingles with and permeates the surrounding earth both at the sides and at the bottom of the pile and unites therewith, and with the material of the pileand the entire body of the earth around the pile may thus be reinforced and made firm and prevented from slipping, shifting or moving, and this form of reinforcement is partially designed for --use in what are known as shell earth rock fill and loose or made earth, containing interstices, apertures or spaces which are filled in by the concrete as above described.

The pile shown in Figs. 12 and 14, is the same as that shown in Fig. 9, and the method of forming said pile is the same as that of forming the pile shown in Fig. 9, except that a plurality of the tubes 7 are employed, and the nose piece or pointer b Is provided with a large central aperture 5 with which the lower ends of the tubes f communicate, and

it' ill be understood that this method f reinforcing the pile which involves the use of a tube or tubes f, any desired number of which may be used, may be employed in coni and tu e or tubes f which, in the method of procedure hereinbefore described, remains in the earth in all cases, and my improved.

process depends for its success upon the idea a that the form or former employed is tubular in form and consists of separate longitudinal parts so as to facilitate the operation of withdrawing said form or former, or the separate parts thereof, from the earth as herein described.

Although I have\described the particular object or objects to be accomplished by the use of the form 'of piles shown in Figs. 9, 10 and 12, it willbe understood that this particular form of pile has many other ad vantages among which is the fact that ,it is particularly adapted for use in cases where it is not necessary, or desired, to goto great depth, but is desired to form a substantial foundation, or to fully reinforce earth without going to great depths, and with the form of pile shown in Figs. 9, 10 and 12, and the method of making the same employed, the desired object may frequently be accomplished by employing much shorter piles great depths.

Having fully described my invention what i I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:-

1. The method herein described of sinking and forming concrete piles which consists in providing a tubular former, closing one end of said former by a detachable nose piece having a passage, driving said end into the ground, passing a reinforcing tube downwardly through said former, said tube being provided with branch outlets, filling said former with concrete, withdrawing said former and then forcing reinforcing material downwardly through said tube and outwardly through said nose piece.

through its. branch outlets and 2. The method herein described of sinking and forming concrete piles which consists in providing a tubular former divided longitudinally into separate parts, closing one end of said former by a detachable nose piece having a passage, driving said end into,

the ground, passing a reinforcing tube havmg branch outlets downwardly through said former, filling said former with concrete; withdrawing said former and then forcing reinforcing material downwardly through said tube and through its branch outlets and through said nose piece.

3. The method herein described of sinking and forming concrete piles which consists in providing a tubular former divided l0ngitudinally into separate parts, closing one end of said former by a detachable nose piece having a passage, driving said end into the ground, passing a reinforcing tube having branch outlets downwardly through said former so that it communicates with said passage, filling said former with concrete, afterward withdrawing said former and then forcing reinforcing material downwardly through said tube and through its branches and through the nose piece.

4. The method herein described of sinking and forming concrete piles which consists in providing a tubular former divided longitudinally into separate parts, closing one end of said former by a detachable nose piece having passages, driving said end into the ground, passing reinforcing tubes hav ing branch outlets downwardly through said former so that they communicate with said passages, filling said former with concrete afterward withdrawing said former and then forcing reinforcing material downwardly through said tubes and through their branch outlets and the nose piece.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing fas my invention I have signed my name in presence of the subscribing witnesses this 29th day of May, 1917.

MAURICE BLUMENTHAL. 

